Essex Wildlife Trust, Abbotts Hall Farm, Gt Wigborough, Colchester, Essex CO5 7RZ
The Schedules of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
Schedule 1 Birds Part 1
Birds protected by special penalties at all times.
Birds marked with * were Schedule 4 species until 24 May 1994, when a new Schedule 4 was produced.
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*Avocet |
*Grebe, Slavonian |
*Sandpiper, wood |
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*Bee-eater |
*Greenshank |
Scaup |
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*Bittern |
Gull, little |
*Scoter, common |
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*Bittern, little |
Gull, Mediterranean |
*Scoter, velvet |
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*Bluethroat |
*Harriers (all species) |
*Serin |
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Brambling |
Heron, purple |
*Shorelark |
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*Bunting, cirl |
*Hobby |
*Shrike, red-backed |
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*Bunting, Lapland |
*Hoopoe |
*Spoonbill |
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*Bunting, snow |
*Kingfisher |
*Stilt, black-winged |
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*Buzzard, honey |
*Kite, red |
*Stint, Temminck's |
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Capercaillie |
*Merlin |
Swan, Bewick's |
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*Chough |
*Oriole, golden |
Swan, whooper |
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*Corncrake |
*Osprey |
*Tern, black |
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*Crake, spotted |
Owl, barn |
*Tern, little |
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*Crossbill (all species) |
Owl, snowy |
*Tern, roseate |
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*Curlew, stone |
*Peregrine |
*Tit, bearded |
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*Diver (all species) |
*Petrel, Leach's |
*Tit, crested |
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Dotterel |
*Phalarope, red-necked |
*Treecreeper, short-toed |
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*Duck, long-tailed |
*Plover, Kentish |
*Warbler, Cetti's |
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*Eagle, golden |
*Plover, little ringed |
*Warbler, Dartford |
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*Eagle, white-tailed |
*Quail, common |
*Warbler, marsh |
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*Falcon, gyr |
*Redstart, black |
*Warbler, Savi's |
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*Fieldfare |
*Redwing |
*Whimbrel |
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*Firecrest |
*Rosefinch, scarlet |
*Woodlark |
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Garganey |
*Ruff |
*Wryneck |
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*Godwit, black-tailed |
*Sandpiper, green |
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*Goshawk |
*Sandpiper, purple |
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*Grebe, black-necked |
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Schedule 2 Birds Part I
Birds which are protected during the close season (1 February to 31 August) but which may be killed or taken outside this period.
Note: The close season for ducks and geese when below high water mark is 21 February to 31 August.
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Coot |
Moorhen |
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Duck, tufted |
Pintail |
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Gadwall |
Plover, golden |
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Goldeneye |
Pochard |
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Goose, Canada |
Shoveler |
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Goose, greylag |
Snipe, common - close season is |
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Goose, pink-footed |
Teal |
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Goose, white-fronted |
Wigeon |
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Mallard |
Woodcock - close season is |
Schedule 3 Birds Part I
Birds which may be sold alive at all times if ringed and bred in captivity.
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Blackbird |
Linnet |
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Brambling |
Magpie |
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Bullfinch |
Owl, barn |
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Bunting, reed |
Redpoll |
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Chaffinch |
Siskin |
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Dunnock |
Starling |
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Goldfinch |
Thrush, song |
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Greenfinch |
Twite |
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Jackdaw |
Yellowhammer |
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Jay |
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Birds which may be sold dead (at all times).
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Pigeon, feral |
Woodpigeon |
Schedule 3 Birds Part III
Birds which may be sold dead from 1 September to 28 February.
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Capercaillie |
Pochard |
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Coot |
Shoveler |
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Duck, tufted |
Snipe, common |
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Mallard |
Teal |
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Pintail |
Wigeon |
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Plover, golden |
Woodcock |
Schedule 4, revised.
Changes to bird of prey registration.
On 24 May 1994, Department of the Environment proposals to change the ringing and registration scheme for Schedule 4 species came into force. The proposals removed a number of species, including the kestrel, sparrowhawk and buzzard, from the scheme.
Birds previously on Schedule 4 are indicated in Schedule 1. Previously, all native and non-native day-flying birds of prey kept in captivity had to be ringed and registered with the DoE. The onus of proof was on the bird keeper to show that the bird was held legally. All legally held birds of prey could be traced through the DoE registration scheme using the ring number and registration details.
Kestrels, sparrowhawks and buzzards kept in captivity no longer need to be registered. It remains the responsibility of keepers to be able to show that birds are held legally. The DoE recommends that keepers continue to fit close rings and keep detailed records of captive breeding or the origin of birds in their possession.
Non-registrable birds of prey offered for sale must be ringed with a legible DoE close ring or, if bred after 1 January 1995, a metal close ring inscribed with the year in which the bird was bred. The sale must be accompanied by evidence of captive breeding.
For further information, contact:
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DoE, Wildlife Licensing Section, |
Ask for a copy of Statutory Instrument 1994 number 1151.
Schedule 5 Animals
Protection for wild animals on Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981
Animals which are protected (see also revisions to the schedule, below).
Unless otherwise stated these animals are protected by all the parts of Section 9 - The Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 Part I - Protection of other animals.
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Adder (Only in respect of section 9(5) in that they may not be sold) |
Pine Marten |
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Anemone, Ivell's sea |
Trembling Sea Mat |
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Anemone, Startlet Sea |
Moth, Barberry Carpet |
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Apus |
Moth, Black-veined |
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Bats, Horseshoe (all species) (also European Protected Species) |
Moth, Essex Emerald |
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Bats, typical (all species) (also European Protected Species) |
Moth, New Forest Burnet |
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Beetle Graphoderus zonatus |
Moth, Reddish Buff |
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Beetle Hyperbaeus haripes |
Moth, Sussex Emerald |
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Beetle Paracymus aeneus |
Moth, Vipers' Bugloss |
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Beetle, lesser silver water |
Newt, great crested (also a European Protected Species) |
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Beetle, Mire Pill (in respect of section 9(4a) only) |
Newt, all other species (Only in respect of section 9(5) in that they may not be sold) |
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Beetle, rainbow leaf |
Common Otter (also a European Protected Species) |
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Beetle, violet click |
Porpoise, all species (also a European Protected Species) |
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Burbot |
Sandworm, lagoon |
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Butterfly, heath fritillary |
Sea Fan, Pink (Only in relation to sections 9(5),9(1) and 9(2)) |
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Butterfly, high brown fritillary |
Sea Slug, Lagoon |
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Butterfly, large blue (also a European Protected Species) |
Shark, Basking |
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Butterfly, swallowtail |
Shrimp. Fairy |
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Cat, wild (also a European Protected Species) |
Shrimp, Lagoon Sand |
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Cicada, New Forest |
Slow Worm (Only in respect of section 9(5) in that they may not be sold and 9(1) in that they may not be killed or injured) |
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Crayfish, Atlantic Stream, in respect of Section 9(1) related to taking |
Snail, Glutinous |
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Cricket, field |
Snail, Sandbowl |
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Cricket, mole |
Snake, Grass |
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Dolphin, all species (also European Protected Species) |
Snake, Smooth (also a European Protected Species) |
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Dormouse (also a European Protected Species) |
Spider, Fen Raft (Dolomedes) |
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Dragonfly, Norfolk Aeshna |
Spider, Ladybird (Eresus niger) |
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Frog, common (Only in respect of section 9(5) in that they may not be sold) |
Squirrel, Red |
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Hatchet Shell, Northern |
Sturgeon (also a European Protected Species) |
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Grasshopper, wartbiter |
Toad, Common (Only in respect of section 9(5) in that they may not be sold) |
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Lagoon Snail |
Toad, Natterjack (also a European Protected Species) |
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Lagoon Snail, De Folins |
Turtles, Marine (all species) (also European Protected Species) |
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Lagoon Worm, tentacled |
Vendace |
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Leech, medicinal |
Walrus |
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Lizard, sand (also a European Protected Species) |
Whale (all species) (also European Protected Species) |
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Lizard, viviparous or common |
Whitefish |
Changes to Schedules made in 1998
Animals added to Schedule 5
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Latin name |
Common name |
Level of protection |
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Alosa fallax |
Twaite shad |
Section 9(4)(a) only |
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Arvicola terrestris |
Water vole |
Section 9(4)(a) and (b) only |
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Cetorhinus maximus |
Basking shark |
Full protection |
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Gobius cobitis |
Giant goby |
Full protection |
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Gobius couchii |
Couch's goby |
Full protection |
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Atrina fragilis |
Fan mussel |
Section 9(1), (2) and (5) only |
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Bembecia chrysidiformis |
Fiery clearwing moth |
Full protection |
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Clavopsella navis |
Marine hydroid |
Full protection |
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Coenagrion mercuriale |
Southern damselfly |
Full protection |
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Gortyna borelii |
Fisher's estuarine moth |
Full protection |
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Lucanus cervus |
Stag beetle |
Section 9(5) only |
Changes to Schedules in made 1998 - Animals with increased protection.
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Latin name |
Common name |
Level of protection |
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Alosa alosa |
Allis shad |
Add Section 9(4)(a) |
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Eurodryas aurinia |
Marsh fritillary butterfly |
Full protection |
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Lycaena dispar |
Large copper butterfly |
Full protection |
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Margaritifera margaritifera |
Freshwater pearl mussel |
Full protection |
Changes to Schedules in made 1998
Animal removed from Schedule 5.
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Latin name |
Common name |
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Hadena irregularis |
Vipers bugloss moth |
Schedule 6 Animals
Animals which may not be killed or maintained by certain methods.
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Badger |
Hedgehog |
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Bats, Horseshoe (all species) |
Pine Parten |
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Bats, typical (all species) |
Common Otter |
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Cat, Wild |
Polecat |
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Dolphin, bottle-nosed |
Porpoise, Harbour or Common |
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Dolphin, common |
Shrews (all species) |
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Dormice (All species) |
Squirrel, Red |
Schedule 9 Species
Animals and plants to which Section 14 applies.
Section 14 prohibits the release to the wild of animals "not ordinarily resident" or that are not regular visitors to Great Britain and other animals listed on Part I of Schedule 9. It also prohibits planting in the wild of plants listed in Part II of Schedule 9 or otherwise causing to them grow there. These provisions are necessary to prevent the establishment of non-native species which may be detrimental to our native wildlife.
Schedule 9 Part 1 - Animals which are established in the wild
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Bass, large mouthed black |
Barn Owl |
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Bass, rock |
Parakeet, Ring-necked |
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Bitterling |
Partridge, chakar |
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Budgerigar |
Partridge, rock |
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Capercaillie |
Pheasant, golden |
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Coypu |
Pheasant, Lady Amhurst's |
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Dormouse, Fat |
Pheasant, Reeves |
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Duck, Carolina wood |
Pheasant, Silver |
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Duck, manderin |
Porcupine, Crested |
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Duck, ruddy |
Porcupine, Himalayan |
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Eagle, white-tailed |
Pumkinseed (Sun Fish or Pond Perch) |
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Frog, edible |
Quail, bobwhite |
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Frog, European Tree or Common Frog |
Rat, black |
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Frog, marsh |
Squirrel, grey |
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Gerbil, Mongolian |
Terrapin, European Pond |
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Goose, Canada |
Toad, African clawed |
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Goose, Egyptian |
Toad, midwife |
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Heron, night |
Toad, yellowbellied |
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Lizard, common wall |
Wallaby, red-necked |
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Marmot (prarie dog) |
Wels, European Catfish |
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Mink, American |
Zander |
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Newt, Alpine |
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Schedule 9 Part 11 - Prohibited planting
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Hogweed, Giant |
Kelp, Giant |
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Seaweed, japanese |
Knotweed, Japanese |